Furthermore, a previous study proposed that obesity enhances orexin fibers innervating targets in the VMH, and the increased orexin signaling overactivation of neurons in the VMH likely corresponds to the mEPSC frequency increase, which may lead to the obesity-related dysregulation of autonomic sympathetic nervous outflow (Cristino et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene HCRT and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.