COL1A1 and colonic neoplasm: For other final leader genes, 39, 34, and 26 final leader genes for stomach, liver, and colon cancers, respectively, obtained from the HPA database showed the same up/downregulation direction as those from TCGA data (some significantly up/downregulated ones are shown in Figure 9), such as COL1A1, MCM3, and CAV1. Proteins encoded by HELLS were not expressed in normal tissues, whereas high expression levels were observed in both liver and colon cancer tissues.