GNAO1 and colonic neoplasm: Shimura et al. (2020) suggested that urinary levels of ADAM12 were a significantly independent diagnostic biomarker for stomach cancer, and a urinary biomarker panel containing ADAM12 significantly distinguished between cancer patients and normal samples. TACC3 promotes stemness and is a potential therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma (Zhou et al., 2015). GNAO1 was found to be differentially expressed in colon cancer compared to normal samples and might be a potential colon cancer biomarker (Hauptman et al., 2019).