Finally, we further validated the upregulated expression of P4HB in DN tubulointerstitium by exploiting another database (GSE104954) (Grayson et al., 2018) and the European Renal cDNA Bank (ERCB) cohort, as well as establishing an in vitro model, and the expression of P4HB in renal tubules was correlated with renal function. The gene discussed is P4HB; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.