CD8A and central nervous system cancer: Wu et al. (2022) demonstrated that NELFB in CD8+ T lymphocytes played an important role in antitumor immunity associated with TCF1, promoting TCF1-bound transcriptional enhancers and promoter chromatin accessibility. Generally, M1-type macrophages play pro-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions, but tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME are M2-type. Xu et al. (2021a) elucidated the mechanism by which hypoxia and glioma affected autophagy and M2-like macrophage polarization through exosomes, thereby promoting the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment.