For example, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signal is known to induce glycolysis via regulating the expression of the related genes in various cells; TGF-β induces expression of glucose transporter type 1 in Swiss 3T3 cells and glomerular mesangial cells, hexokinase 2 in articular chondrocytes and lung fibroblasts, and phosphofructokinase 2 in diverse cancer cells (57). Here, HK2 is linked to cancer.