An intervention with probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum ZS40 and anti-inflammatory drugs could reduce the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, p65, IKKβ, TRAF-6, and Cox-2 in the colon tissue of CRC mice and increase those of TRAF-1/2, IκBα, IKKα, and Bcl-2. Here, TRAF1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.