Moreover, we discuss the importance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function, as it relates to the pathogenesis of WMI and BPD, and potential therapies that indirectly regulate PGC-1α activity to reduce the burden of disease in ELGANs. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.