TNF and primary biliary cholangitis: The results of mRNA expression of cytokines in jejunum showed that compared with the control group, IL-1β in the MCE group and IL-1β and TNF-α in the MCE + PBC group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), however, IL-10 in the MCE group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), and there was no significant effect on the other cytokines (P > 0.05) (Fig. 8A).