MSX1 and pachyonychia congenita: By contrast, IL30 overexpression (Fig. 1C), in DU145 cells, led to a significant upregulation of PC driver genes, such as MAPK1, MSX1, SLC5A8 and, primarily, AR (8.71 times), CCND2 (10.01 times) and IGF1 (12.30 times), whereas SFRP1, NKX3-1 and, especially, FOXO1 (− 6.35 times), PDLIM4 (− 12.90 times) and SOCS3 (− 7.02 times) were downregulated (Fig. 2H).