ECH promotes the proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial [39], non-small cell lung cancer [40], breast cancer [17], or HCC cells [15] by blocking NF‐κB, ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, or PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, which may decrease the expression of UBR5. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.