Because the interaction between PD and non-PD was significant for PAI-1 with an observed power of 1.000 during the perioperative periods (online Supporting Information Table S3), and the changes in PAI-1 levels from pre-surgery to postoperative day 1 was associated with the development of PD (Table 1), ROC analysis was performed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PAI-1 for delirium at three time points from pre-surgery to postoperative day 3. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is delirium.