To evaluate the effect that NINL or NIN have on viral replication or the innate immune response to viral infection, we infected WT, NINL KO, or NIN KO A549 cells with a model enveloped negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), with and without pretreatment with the antiviral signaling cytokine interferon alpha (IFNα). The gene discussed is NIN; the disease is viral infectious disease.