It is also found in neuroendocrine cells,[10] neuroendocrine tumors and red blood cells.[11] NSE has been applied as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis of small cell lung cancer.[12] It also has a specific predictive value for the prognosis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.[13] Previous studies have found that sepsis, septic shock and SAE, rather than traumatic brain injury, can also cause an increase in NSE.[14,15] Nevertheless, the value of NSE in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in septic shock patients is not clear. This evidence concerns the gene ENO2 and brain injury.