The genes of the variants were located in ABCG2, SLC2A9, ZNF518B, PKD2, MEPE, ALDH2, HECTD4, BRAP, SPP1, MAPKAPK5, CLNK, ACAD10, and BCAS3. A total of 27 SNPs were significantly related to gout compared to AH, located in genes ABCG2, PKD2, and SPP1 (Supplementary Table 4; Fig. 1C). This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and gout.