TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: High BMI/obesity is attributable to the secretion of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and a reduction in adiponectin, predisposing the inflammatory response and oxidative stress [26, 27].The association between BMI and klotho in humans remains unclear; however, it was recently examined in a study by Landry et al. [28].