HSPD1 and cancer: Furthermore, we detected an upregulation in CLs and across different tumour subtypes of heat-shock proteins (e.g. HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1, HSPA5, HSPA8, HSPD1, and HSPH1) associated with malignancy and implicated in the stabilization of important cancer-related proteins (e.g. KIT, MET, BRAF and AKT), the formation of exosomes, and the presentation of tumour antigens43,96–98.