At later time points, whereas non-polarized-MDM induced by GM-CSF/M-CSF or M2-MDM, although at a lower level in agreement with others3,24, continue both to produce viral particles until day 49 after infection as detected by p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), M4-MDM reduced viral production and enters latency characterized by undetectable viral secretion from day 8.5 [CI: 7–15] (Fig. 3b). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and infection.