Vasoactive neuropeptides mainly derived from nerve cells, such as pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and migraine-associated calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), are upregulated in rosacea skin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor–positive cells distribute more densely within the endothelium of patients with rosacea (20–23). The gene discussed is VIP; the disease is rosacea.