TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: Because the TSC1/TSC2 complex is the principal suppressor of mTORC1 signaling and hyperactivated mTORC1 is the main reason for tumor formation in TSC disease [24], Tsc1 − / − or Tsc2 − / − MEFs and TSC samples are excellent models for the study of mTORC1 signaling.