NES and Alzheimer disease: To further explore whether changes in the content of these microenvironmental components in the brain affect AHN, immunostaining with NSCs specific antibody Nestin and immature neurons specific antibody Tuj1 (Fig. 2D) revealed a significantly increase in cells number in hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) of both APP/PS1 and 3xTg-AD mice after PBMT (Fig. 2E).