EMP3 and cancer: In urothelial cell carcinoma, EMP3 can enhance the proliferation and migration of cancer cells and is related to the activation of the ErbB2-PI3K-AKT pathway, resulting in enhanced signal transduction of the FAK/SRC pathway, activation of RhoA and Rock1/2 and up-regulation of ɑ1, ɑ2, ɑ3, ɑ5,ɑV, ɑ6 and β1 integrins in vitro [133].