However, ICIs can cause a range of TRAEs affecting a multitude of organs, including skin, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, heart, lung, kidneys and the nervous system, and manageable safeties of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 were reported in various solid tumors, including melanoma, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, breast cancer, and urothelial carcinoma [40, 41]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung carcinoma.