SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 genes and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were found to be significantly upregulated in synovial tissues of patient with RA, suggesting the key role of SIRTs and oxidative stress in the development of RA (50). The gene discussed is SIRT3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.