SERPINE1 and Obesity: Epidemiological connections between inflammation, obesity, and diabetes were also established in studies where the levels of markers of inflammation, such as IL6, C-reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and fibrinogen (factor I) were elevated under these conditions (Ogston & McAndrew, 1964; Fearnley, Vincent & Chakrabarti, 1959; Kaptoge et al., 2010; Ridker et al., 1997; Duncan et al., 2003).