A similar study using quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) showed no differences in IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in dogs with and without CIE (80). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and congenital non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma.