RBPJ and hydrops fetalis: Lou et al. (2017) reported that MiR-122-modified ADSC-exos inhibited HSC activation, reduced collagen deposition, and ameliorated HF. A further study (Wang et al., 2021b) revealed that miR-6766-3p in 3D cultured human embryonic stem cell-derived exosomes (3D-hESC-exos) repressed the SMAD pathway by downregulating TGFβRII, thereby inhibiting HSC activation and slowing the progression of HF. He et al. (2022) demonstrated that HEK293T-derived exosomes effectively inhibited the Notch pathway in macrophages by delivering the transcription factor, RBP-J, thereby attenuating HF.