The mRNA expression of hepatic TRX1, GCLC, and NQO1 increased (Figure 4F), the protein expression of Keap1 decreased, while Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 increased (Figure 4G) and the Nrf2 pathway was activated in the HFD + FMT (TH) group, indicating that TH improved NAFLD via regulating gut microbiota. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.