In this section, we describe some of the familiar entities (Rho, ROCK, etc.)that are commonly regarded as master regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, while also highlighting additional proteins (summarized in Table 2) that are emerging as important cytoskeletal regulators in neurodegenerative disease and likely play a role in cofilin-actin rod dynamics. The gene discussed is CFL1; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.