In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), a preclinical model of cerebrovascular disease associated with hypertension, a treatment for 4 weeks with an oral dose of 100 mg/kg/day of α-GPC decreased astrogliosis and restored expression of aquaporine-4, while galantamine (3 mg/kg/day) treatment countered to a greater extent than α-GPC neuronal alteration induced by hypertension (Tayebati et al., 2009). The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is hypertensive disorder.