NLRP3 and ischemic stroke: Firstly, transcription factors, it was found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation reduced the expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor family Pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3), and IL-1 β in BV2 microglia, and played a protective role after ischemic stroke (12).