These pathways include the Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (Akt) / mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway that regulates the autophagy process in neurodegenerative diseases (55), the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (56), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (57) and the TLR4/ NF-κB pathway (58) that is associated with neurogenesis and neuronal death. Here, MTOR is linked to neurodegenerative disease.