While the former findings were not in the context of cancer stem cells, ATRX-mutant IDH1-mutant GSCs have been shown to possess increased cell propagation capacity and upregulation of TGF-beta-associated pathways compared to ATRX-wildtype GSCs (97) suggesting that ATRX-deficiency enhances certain stemness characteristics in glioma in accordance with increased immunosuppressive effects. This evidence concerns the gene ATRX and central nervous system cancer.