ARG1 and neoplasm: Univariate analysis of the predictors of early TACE refractoriness showed that BCLC stage (OR=2.110, 95%CI=1.014-4.350, P=0.046), tumor size (OR=1.202, 95% CI=1.074-1.346, P=0.001), occurrence of multiple tumors (OR=3.471, 95% CI=1.635-7.370, P=0.001), platelet count (OR =0.987, 95%CI=0.979-0.995,P=0.003), alanine aminotransferase levels (OR=1.017, 95%CI= 1.001-1.033,P=0.035), and high ARG1 levels (OR=0.189, 95% CI=0.079-0.451, P<0.001) were predictors of early TACE refractoriness.