In one study using a checkpoint inhibitor-resistant mouse model of melanoma, TLR agonists in combination with CD40L, injected intratumorally, demonstrated an abscopal affect, whereby administration of CD40L and TLR agonist potentiated PD-1 blockade, not only locally but also at distant sites.106 Combination therapy of a CD40 agonist and a TLR3 agonist has reached clinical trials, and the TLR9 agonist CMP-001 has reached phase 2/3 trials (see Table 2). Here, CD40 is linked to melanoma.