CD163 and melanoma: The presence of CD163+ macrophages in melanoma lesions is associated with poorer prognosis.23 CD163 is upregulated by cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10 found in the melanoma TME, and downregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M1-like polarization signals, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α.109 Targeting CD163 may therefore represent a strategy to eliminate specific macrophage subsets which are known to contribute to melanoma progression.