In the Bruneck study (37), a prospective population-based cohort study with a 20-year follow-up (n = 909), the levels of soluble VCAM-1 were significantly associated with incident AF (hazard ratio: 1.49; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.26–1.78, p < 0.001 with a Bonferroni correction for both values); even after adjusting for age and sex, the association was still significant. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.