IL17A and atherosclerosis: In addition, Engelbertsen et al. (49) reported that knockdown of IL-1R1, the IL-1β receptor, reduced IL-17A production by stimulated splenocytes and plasma IL-17A levels and attenuated other proinflammatory cytokines secreted by Th17 cells, suggesting that IL-1R1 signaling affects atherosclerosis by promoting Th17 immune response development.