In circulating blood from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the proportion of Tfr cells declined and the proportion of Tfh elevated (Xu et al., 2017b), and the aberrant Tfh/Tfr ratios is positively associated with the level of anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody in serum from SLE patients (Xu et al., 2017b). This evidence concerns the gene TFRC and systemic lupus erythematosus.