EPO and Abnormal renal physiology: As fewer animals survived up to day 7 in the Stx+vehicle group (11/26, 42.3% survival) compared with the Stx+EPO (15/22, 68.2% survival) and Stx+pHBSP (16/21, 76.2% survival) group, the results need to be carefully interpreted in the light of a reverse survivorship bias, that might explain why we did not observe an effect of treatment with EPO or pHBSP on plasma creatinine, urea and NGAL, as surrogate parameters for AKI and renal dysfunction.