Moreover, CXCL12 hyper-methylation was discovered in multiple tumors, like stomach carcinoma (54), mammary carcinoma (55), colon carcinoma (56), pulmonary carcinoma (57), and prostate cancer (58), which suggested a possible role of CXCL12 in carcinogenesis. Here, CXCL12 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.