TNF and myelodysplastic syndrome: The high level of pro-inflammatory factors such as IFN-γ and TNF-α in the BM immune microenvironment of LR-MDS (Yang) promote the maturation of reduced DC (Yin), and then fully mature DC which pulsed with antigens can induce the specific T cells to kill clonal MDS cells (Yang), resulting in the increased apoptosis of precursor cell (36).