NOS2 and Alzheimer disease: This fraction reduced the apoptosis or injury of neurons in the brain by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3, decreasing the activity of COX-2 and microglia and astrocytes and reducing the overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the inflammatory injury to cortical and hippocampal neurons to improve spatial exploration memory in AD rats (Zhang Z. L. et al., 2010; Janaína et al., 2018).