TWIST1 and gastric cancer: CAFs-derived HGF can activate IL-6/STAT3/twist1 pathway by upregulating the expression of the IL-6 receptor.518 Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that HGF from CAFs promoted tumorigenesis and metastasis of MET-unamplified GC.518 STAT3/c‐Myc and mTOR/pyruvate kinase isozyme 2 (PKM2) signaling pathways were upregulated in human GC.