In preclinical studies, TIM-3 inhibitors showed similar effects to PD-1 inhibitors, and a combination of PD-1 and TIM-3 inhibitors enhances T cell responsiveness to tumor antigens with synergistic effects, suggesting that TIM-3 may be a useful target in treating GC resistant to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.426,427 The expression of TIM-3 inhibitory ligands on GC cells might also be potential biomarkers for predicting the treatment response of PD-1 mAb.428 Targeting PD-1 and TIM-3 combination immunotherapy may have more therapeutic benefit than mono-immunotherapy for GC patients. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR2 and neoplasm.