Similar studies also found that the expression of proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) stimulates NF-κB activation, thereby initiating the invasion and metastasis of GC.329 Additionally, it has been found that NF-κB activation is associated with the heparanase gene expression in GC and is significantly correlated with GC invasion-related features such as lymph node invasion, pathological stage, and depth of invasion.330,331 Therefore, NF-κB may become a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting GC invasion and metastasis.324. Here, HPSE is linked to gastric cancer.