In addition, tumor microenvironment inhibited the proliferation and activity of tumor-specific T cells (CTLs) and promoted regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in a decrease in the secretion of immune-activating cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and an increase in the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.