CD274 and neoplasm: Additionally, such local secretion of antibodies against immune checkpoints may reduce systemic toxicity [100]; (III) Genetic perturbation of CAR-T cell autoimmune checkpoint genes, including CAR-T cell modification to make them resistant to PD-L1 [101] and knockout of CAR-T cell-encoding PD-1 gene using CRISPR-Cas9, thereby enhancing CAR-T cell functions in vitro and clearance of PD-L1 + tumor xenografts in vivo [102].