ARF6 and infection: Experiments with in vitro tissue culture infections and ectopic expression analysis of RalF variants demonstrated that RalF is expressed early during host cell infection and modulates R. typhi invasion by activating Arf6, which subsequently recruits phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase to the site of entry, enriching PI(4,5)P2 on the plasma membrane, and leading to host cytoskeleton remodelling [81].