CD4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: We found that Nt-INSP-4 (LVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT) induced the strongest stimulation in type 1 diabetes compared with control samples for both CD4+ (mean SI: 119.8±51.69 vs 6.89±3.4, p<0.001; Fig. 4a) and CD8+ T cells (mean SI: 405.8±325.5 vs 5.948±3.125, p=0.049; Fig. 4c).