However, OA associations with the intron 1 locus have been previously reported29,39,51,52, the chromosome 16 (rs13333582) is an eQTL for a gene previously reported as associated with OA55, and variants in both PPP6C and FURIN have previously been associated with substance use and psychiatric disorder traits that are highly associated with OA (Supplementary Figs. 12 and 13). This evidence concerns the gene PPP6C and psychiatric disorder.