MAMPs collected from two common periodontitis-related bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum also caused a significant increase in TLR9 activation; Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived MAMPs caused a significant increase in TLR9 activation, which was reduced by adding G3@SeHANs and PAMAM-G3, while the increase caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived MAMPs was only reduced by G3@SeHANs (Fig. 3e). The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is periodontitis.