Mutations in LATS1, FAT1, JUB, STK11 or NF2 (the latter two of which are significantly mutated specifically in C2 tumours, Fig. 4) result in aberrant activation of the downstream transcription factor, Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1)26–30, the expression of which is also elevated at the mRNA level in C2 tumours (Supplementary Data 3). This evidence concerns the gene FAT1 and neoplasm.