POU4F1 and chronic pancreatitis: Our latest study revealed that the neuronal transcription factor Pou4f1 is a Smad3 target gene in BMDM under TGF-β1 stimulation in vitro and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling also regulates the nociceptive pain in chronic pancreatitis (28), implying a potential regulatory role of Smad3 in neuronal phenotype at the genomic level (55).