Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 5 (G and H), adoptive transfer of BMDM markedly increased MNT and cancer-associated nocifensive behaviors in the LLC-bearing NOD/SCID mice, which was markedly suppressed in the group that received BMDMs lacking Smad3 (KO-BMDM), suggesting the importance of Smad3 in MNT. Here, SMAD3 is linked to cancer.